Developing morals happens for the most part as you grow up. Through watching parents and other people and how they live their lives, you begin to get a sense of what is right and wrong. If your parents tell a lot of "little white lies", you'll not likely be one of those people who believe that absolute truth is the way to go. Conscience is another story. I don't think a conscience is something that can be learned, but that's a matter of debate. If you take the believe that conscience is a kind of mystical feeling that helps you decipher right from wrong, then it would be nearly impossible to develop it later in life. People who don't have a conscience are the ones who can do the most horrible things and not feel any guilt afterward.
I found this article on the internet it's about Moral Conscience entitled "What is Moral Conscience?" in hprweb. It has good content, organized ideas, and important information. You can learn about it's philosophy, psychology, and culture. The main idea of the article is to point out the misconceptions about Conscience and how it is connected to Morality. There are given examples there where conscience is interconnected with different abstracts. Read more information about the given web address if you want to learn more about "Conscience & Morality".
In the article, I like what Rev. Thomas V. Berg stated. "A third misconception, presents conscience as a kind of intuition which simply cannot be accounted for or explained in terms of human reasoning. Sometimes called the “moral sense,” conscience, from this viewpoint, must be developed much like developing the ability to judge a good wine, pick a winning race horse, assess a person’s character, or keep a group of school children well behaved and attentive." For all the notions that was written in there, This one is what I strongly agree. It's something that we can't explain.
Your conscience is your inborn, natural ability to detect what is right and wrong. It is literally, how we become "conscious" of the morality of our actions. We feel bad when we do something wrong. Now the problem is, it is possible to ignore and eventually kill your conscience, so that this natural sense is no longer functional so your conscience doesn't make things good or bad, but merely detects when we've chosen evil.
Some people ask if we view conscience and morality as the same thing? It's roughly equivalent to the relationship between the Mind and Fact. Facts are external to the mind's capability to grasp, and the principles of morality are independent of conscience. It's somehow like that but still not most likely the same, in other words, no amount of programming can ensure that the conscience of two people would be identical. There is this element of choices made by each individual in terms of what values one would imbibe or not. Yet, I think genes as such may have little to do with it.
People ignore conscience at times and continue to make poor choices anyway. That is likely why people have varying senses of guilt. People may feel guilty about many things because they have a good conscience but don't listen to it due to say peer pressure, society pressure, or they will get fired from their job, the list goes on. Philosophical and Psychological anythings rarely coincide. It's the internal struggle of each person to reconcile these items which people dread or ignore. It's just easier to take the low road of ignorance.
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